Cyst Treatment

Understanding Skin Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What Are Cysts?

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs or lumps that develop beneath the skin when a pore, hair follicle, or gland becomes blocked. The most common type, sebaceous cysts, form when oil-producing glands become clogged, trapping keratin and other materials inside.

Cysts can range from small and unnoticeable to large, swollen, and uncomfortable. While most are harmless, some cysts can become infected, inflamed, or painful, requiring medical attention from a Board-Certified Dermatology Provider.

Signs and Symptoms of Cysts

• A firm, round, or dome-shaped bump beneath the skin
• A smooth, skin-colored lump with a possible white or yellowish center
• Swelling, tenderness, or redness if the cyst becomes irritated or infected
• A small opening or central plug that may release fluid or a thick, oily substance

Some cysts remain painless and stable, while others can grow, rupture, or become painful, especially in a sensitive area.

What Causes Cysts?

Cysts form when skin cells, oil, or debris become trapped beneath the skin instead of shedding naturally. Several factors can contribute to their development, including:

• Blocked sebaceous (oil) glands, which commonly lead to sebaceous cysts
• Ingrown hairs, which can result in cyst formation, especially in areas of frequent shaving
• Skin trauma or injury, which may trigger abnormal healing and cyst development
• Hormonal fluctuations, which can increase oil production and lead to clogged pores
• Underlying medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can contribute to cyst formation

While cysts are often harmless, they can become infected or painful, requiring professional treatment.

How Are Cysts Treated?

If a cyst is painful, growing, or at risk of infection, it should be evaluated by a Board-Certified Dermatology Provider. Although some cysts shrink or resolve independently, others persist and require medical intervention.

Professional Cyst Removal Options

• Steroid Injections – Helps reduce inflammation and shrink the cyst
• Drainage and Excision – A provider may drain or surgically remove the cyst to prevent recurrence
• Antibiotic Treatment – If a cyst becomes infected, antibiotics may be needed to clear the infection
• Warm Compresses – While not a cure, applying warm compresses can help encourage natural drainage

What Not to Do

• Do not squeeze or pop a cyst, as this can cause scarring and increase the risk of infection
• Avoid at-home extractions, which may push material deeper into the skin
• Monitor changes, as a cyst that grows rapidly, becomes painful, or changes in appearance should be evaluated by a provider

Preventing Cysts and Managing Skin Health

While not all cysts can be prevented, you can reduce the risk of developing them by:

• Practicing good skincare by cleansing the skin regularly to prevent pore buildup
• Avoiding excessive picking or squeezing, which can worsen blockages
• Managing oil production by using non-comedogenic skincare products
• Addressing underlying conditions, such as hormonal imbalances, that may contribute to cyst formation

Once a cyst has been treated, proper aftercare can help prevent infection and promote healing. Your Board-Certified Dermatology Provider will provide personalized care instructions based on your treatment plan.

Frequently Asked Questions

Schedule a Consultation

Skin cysts can be disruptive and uncomfortable, but you don’t have to deal with them alone. Our Board-Certified Dermatology Provider offers expert care to help you find relief and get back to feeling your best.

Book an Appointment: Call our office, contact us online, or stop by for a walk-in consultation at our Terre Haute or Vincennes location.